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A comprehensive collection of Java libraries for logical aspects of artificial intelligence and knowledge representation
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Example code and resources
Most libraries have an examples package that contains various example code snippets that show the functionality of the library. In addition, the resources folder contains examplary instance files that can be parsed by the corresponding parser into the classes of the library.
Below is an up-to-date list of available examples and instance files.
- General Libraries
- Command Line Interface (org.tweetyproject.cli)
- Commons (org.tweetyproject.commons)
- Graph Library (org.tweetyproject.graphs)
- Math (org.tweetyproject.math)
- Plugin Project (org.tweetyproject.plugin)
- Logic Libraries
- Business Process Modelling (org.tweetyproject.logics.bpm)
- Conditional Logic (org.tweetyproject.logics.cl)
- Commons Logic (org.tweetyproject.logics.commons)
- Description Logics (org.tweetyproject.logics.dl)
- First-Order-Logic (org.tweetyproject.logics.fol)
- Modal Logic Library (org.tweetyproject.logics.ml)
- Markov Logic Networks Library (org.tweetyproject.logics.mln)
- Probabilistic Conditional Logic Library (org.tweetyproject.logics.pcl)
- Propositional Logic (org.tweetyproject.logics.pl)
- Quantified Boolean Formulas (org.tweetyproject.logics.qbf)
- Relational Conditional Logic Library (org.tweetyproject.logics.rcl)
- Reiter's Default Logic Library (org.tweetyproject.logics.rdl)
- Relational Probabilistic Conditional Logic Library (org.tweetyproject.logics.rpcl)
- Translators Library (org.tweetyproject.logics.translators)
- Logic Programming Libraries
- ASP Library (org.tweetyproject.lp.asp)
- ASP Belief Dynamics (org.tweetyproject.lp.asp.beliefdynamics)
- Nested Logic Programs (org.tweetyproject.lp.nlp)
- Argumentation Libraries
- ABA Library (org.tweetyproject.arg.aba)
- ADF Library (org.tweetyproject.arg.adf)
- ASPIC Library (org.tweetyproject.arg.aspic)
- Bipolar Argumentation Library (org.tweetyproject.arg.bipolar)
- Deductive Argumentation Library (org.tweetyproject.arg.deductive)
- Defeasible Logic Programming Library (org.tweetyproject.arg.delp)
- Dung Argumentation Library (org.tweetyproject.arg.dung)
- Logic Programming Argumentation Library (org.tweetyproject.arg.lp)
- Probabilistic Argumentation Library (org.tweetyproject.arg.prob)
- Ranking Semantics for Argumentation Library (org.tweetyproject.arg.rankings)
- Structured Argumentation Frameworks Library (org.tweetyproject.arg.saf)
- Social Abstract Argumentation Library (org.tweetyproject.arg.social)
- Agent Libraries
- Agents Library (org.tweetyproject.agents)
- Dialogue Systems Library (org.tweetyproject.agents.dialogues)
- Other Libraries
- Action and Change (org.tweetyproject.action)
- Belief Dynamics Library (org.tweetyproject.beliefdynamics)
- Machine Learning Library (org.tweetyproject.machinelearning)
- Preferences Library (org.tweetyproject.preferences)
- Web Services (org.tweetyproject.web)
General Libraries
Command Line Interface (org.tweetyproject.cli)
Example code:no example code available
Resources:no resources available
Commons (org.tweetyproject.commons)
Example code: Resources:no resources available
Graph Library (org.tweetyproject.graphs)
Example code:- examples.GraphExample.java: Example that shows how to construct graphs programmatically.
- examples.GraphExample2.java: Another example that shows how to construct graphs programmatically.
no resources available
Math (org.tweetyproject.math)
Example code:- examples.ApacheCommonsCMAESOptimizerEx.java: This class implements an example for the ApacheCommonsCMAESOptimizer
- examples.ApacheCommonsNonLinearConjugateGradientOptimizerEx.java: This class implements an example for the ApacheCommonsNonLinearConjugateGradientOptimizer
- examples.ApacheCommonsSimplexEx.java: This class implements an example for the Apache Commons SimplexSolver. Version used is 2.0
- examples.ApacheCommonsSimplexEx2.java: This class is a second example for the ApacheCommonsSimplexSolver. It showcases some more features of the library. Not all steps are particularly necessary for the result. But they are fun though.
- examples.BfgsSolverEx.java: This class implements an example for the BfgsSolver
- examples.GlpkSolverEx.java: This class implements an example for the Glpk Solver
- examples.GradientDescentSolverEx.java: This class implements an example for the Gradient Descent Solver
- examples.HessianGradientSolverEx.java: This class implements an example for the Hessian Gradient Solver
- examples.IteratedLocalSearchOnConstrProbEx.java: This class implements an example for Tabu search. It is natively implemented
- examples.KnapSack.java: This class implements a KnapSack problem
- examples.KnapSack_solvedWithGeneticOpt.java
- examples.KnapSack_solvedWithIteratedLocalSearch2.java: Class implementing an example for a TSP on a cartesian fully connected graph
- examples.KnapSack_solvedWithSimAn.java
- examples.KnapSack_solvedWithTabuSearch.java
- examples.Knapsack_solvedWithStochasticLocalSearch.java: Class implementing an example for a TSP on a cartesian fully connected graph
- examples.LagrangeSolverEx.java: This class implements an example for the Lagrange Solver. It is natively implemented.
- examples.LagrangeSolverEx2.java: This class implements an example for a problem solved by the lagrange solver. It is meant to showcase more classes of the library.
- examples.LpSolverEx.java: This class implements an example for the Genetic LpSolver. It uses LpSolve Version 5.5.2.5 (https://sourceforge.net/projects/lpsolve/)
- examples.OctaveSqpSolverEx.java: This class implements an example for the OctaveSqpSolver. Version used is 5.2.0
- examples.SimpleGeneticOptimizationSolverEx.java: This class implements an example for the Genetic Optimization Solver. It is natively implemented
- examples.SimulatedAnnealingEx.java
- examples.SimulatedAnnealingOnConstrProbEx2.java: This class implements an example for Simulated Annealing on optimization problems. It is natively implemented
- examples.StochasticLocalSearchOnConstrProbEx.java: This class implements an example for Simulated Annealing on optimization problems. It is natively implemented
- examples.TabuSearchOnConstrProbEx.java: This class implements an example for Tabu search. It is natively implemented
- examples.TestToQuadraticForm.java
- examples.TravelingSalesman.java: implements the traveling salesman problem. Every element has an x- coordinate and a y- coordinate. Every city can be connected to each other and the distance is the cartesian distance bewteen them. Therefore the graph is fully connected.
- examples.TravelingSalesmanEx2.java: Class implementing an example for a TSP on a cartesian fully connected graph
- examples.TravelingSalesman_solvedWithAntOpt.java: This class implements an example for the ant colony algorithm using isula for combinatrics problems
- examples.TravelingSalesman_solvedWithGeneticOpt.java: Class implementing an example for a TSP on a cartesian fully connected graph
- examples.TravelingSalesman_solvedWithIteratedLocalSearch.java: Class implementing an example for a TSP on a cartesian fully connected graph
- examples.TravelingSalesman_solvedWithSimAn.java: Class implementing an example for a TSP on a cartesian fully connected graph
- examples.TravelingSalesman_solvedWithStochasticLocalSearch.java: Class implementing an example for a TSP on a cartesian fully connected graph
- examples.TravelingSalesman_solvedWithTabuSearch.java: Class implementing an example for a TSP on a cartesian fully connected graph
no resources available
Plugin Project (org.tweetyproject.plugin)
Example code:no example code available
Resources:no resources available
Logic Libraries
Business Process Modelling (org.tweetyproject.logics.bpm)
Example code:- examples.InconsistencyMeasuresExamples.java: Draw BPMN Models and display their inconsistency value according to some measures.
- resources.problematic_basketball.bpmn
- resources.problematic_hit.bpmn
- resources.unproblematic_browsing.bpmn
- resources.unproblematic_dinner.bpmn
Conditional Logic (org.tweetyproject.logics.cl)
Example code:- examples.ADF_OCF_comparison_example.java: Example code illustrating the translation from Abstract Dialectical Frameworks (ADFs) to Conditional logics
- examples.CReasonerExample.java: Shows how to construct a conditional logic knowledge base programmatically and how to query it using the C-reasoner.
- examples.ReasonerExample.java: Compares reasoning with different reasoners.
Commons Logic (org.tweetyproject.logics.commons)
Example code:no example code available
Resources:no resources available
Description Logics (org.tweetyproject.logics.dl)
Example code:- examples.DlExample.java: Examples for using the description logic syntax classes and parser.
First-Order-Logic (org.tweetyproject.logics.fol)
Example code:- examples.FolExample.java: Some examples for using FolParser and provers.
- examples.StandardFolWriterExample.java: Shows how to use the StandardFolWriter.
- examples.TPTPParserExample.java: Examples for using TPTPParser.
- resources.examplebeliefbase.fologic
- resources.examplebeliefbase2.fologic
- resources.tptpexample.fologic
- resources.tptpexample2.fologic
- resources.tptpexample3.fologic
Modal Logic Library (org.tweetyproject.logics.ml)
Example code:- examples.MlExample.java: Some examples for testing ModalParser and NaiveModalReasoner. Shows how to construct a modal logic knowledge base programmatically and how to query it using the naive reasoner.
- examples.MlExample2.java: More examples for testing ModalParser and ModalReasoner. Shows how to construct a modal logic knowledge base programmatically and how to query it using the SPASS reasoner.
Markov Logic Networks Library (org.tweetyproject.logics.mln)
Example code:- examples.AlchemyExample.java: Example code illustrating the use of the Alchemy reasoner.
- examples.ApproximationExample.java: Example code illustrating the use of the sampling-based MLN reasoner.
- examples.MlnExample.java: Shows how MLNs can be constructed programmatically and shows how coherence measures can be used.
- examples.MlnExample2.java: Gives further examples on how MLNs can be constructed programmatically and how coherence measures can be used.
no resources available
Probabilistic Conditional Logic Library (org.tweetyproject.logics.pcl)
Example code:- examples.AnalysisExample.java: Example code illustrating the use of inconsistency measures and repairing approaches.
- examples.RepairExample.java: Example code illustrating the use of repairing approaches.
no resources available
Propositional Logic (org.tweetyproject.logics.pl)
Example code:- examples.ContensionExample.java: Example code illustrating the contension inconsistency measure.
- examples.DSumMeasureExample.java: Example code illustrating the distance-based inconsistency measures DSum, DMax and DHit.
- examples.DfInconsistencyMeasureExample.java: Example code illustrating the Df inconsistency measure.
- examples.FuzzyMeasureExample.java: Example code illustrating fuzzy logic-based inconsistency measures.
- examples.IcebergInconsistencyExample.java: Example code for the "iceberg" inconsistency measures as described in [De Bona, Hunter. Localising iceberg inconsistencies. AI 2017].
- examples.ImPostulateEvaluationExample.java: Example code illustrating automatic postulate evaluation of inconsistency measures.
- examples.InconsistencyMeasureEvaluationExample.java: Example code for using InconsistencyMeasureEvaluator for comparing inconsistency measure implementations.
- examples.MaMeasureExample.java: Example code illustrating the Ma inconsistency measure.
- examples.MaxSatExample.java: Illustrates the use of MaxSAT solvers.
- examples.McscInconsistencyMeasureExample.java: Example code illustrating the MCSC inconsistency measure.
- examples.MinimalInconsistentSubsetExample.java: Example code illustrating the use of MUS enumerators.
- examples.MusExample.java: Example code illustrating the use of MUS enumerators.
- examples.PlExample.java: Some general examples for using basic propositional logic classes like PlParser and SimplePlReasoner.
- examples.PmMeasureExample.java: Example code illustrating the Pm inconsistency measure.
- examples.SatSolverExample.java: Example code illustrating the use of external SAT solvers such as Lingeling and CaDicaL, and related utilities. Most other modern SAT solvers that use the Dimacs format can be used the same way as the solvers in this example by providing the path to the solver's binary.
Note: You need to download the respective solvers and replace the paths to their binaries in the example, otherwise it won't run. See - examples.SimplePlInterpolantEnumeratorExample.java: Illustrates the use of the SimplePlInterpolantEnumerator
- examples.StreamInconsistencyEvaluationExample.java: Illustrates stream-based inconsistency measurement.
- examples.StreamInconsistencyEvaluationExample2.java: Illustrates stream-based inconsistency measurement.
- examples.SyntacticEnumeratingPlBeliefSetSamplerExample.java: Illustrates the use of the belief base enumerators.
- examples.SyntacticRandomPlBeliefSetSamplerExample.java: Illustrates the use of the belief base enumerators.
- resources.CanonicalKBs188900.txt
- resources.dimacs_ex1.cnf
- resources.dimacs_ex2.cnf
- resources.dimacs_ex3.cnf
- resources.dimacs_ex4.cnf
- resources.dimacs_ex5.cnf
- resources.examplebeliefbase.proplogic
- resources.examplebeliefbase_multiple.proplogic
- resources.examplebeliefbase_xor.proplogic
Quantified Boolean Formulas (org.tweetyproject.logics.qbf)
Example code:- examples.QbfExample.java: Some general examples for quantified boolean formulas and for parsers and writers.
- examples.QbfReasonersExample.java: Examples for using QBF solvers.
- resources.qcir-example1.qcir
- resources.qcir-example2-sat.qcir
- resources.qcir-example2-unsat.qcir
- resources.qdimacs-example1.qdimacs
- resources.qdimacs-example2.qdimacs
- resources.tweety-example.qbf
Relational Conditional Logic Library (org.tweetyproject.logics.rcl)
Example code:- examples.RclExample.java: Example code illustrating the use of working with relational conditionals and using c reasoning.
no resources available
Reiter's Default Logic Library (org.tweetyproject.logics.rdl)
Example code:- examples.RdlExample.java: Example code illustrating Reiter's default logic.
Relational Probabilistic Conditional Logic Library (org.tweetyproject.logics.rpcl)
Example code:- examples.RpclMeReasonerExample.java: Example code illustrating relational probabilistic conditional logic and reasoning with it.
- examples.RpclMeReasonerExample2.java: Example code illustrating relational probabilistic conditional logic and reasoning with it.
Translators Library (org.tweetyproject.logics.translators)
Example code:no example code available
Resources:no resources available
Logic Programming Libraries
ASP Library (org.tweetyproject.lp.asp)
Example code:- examples.ASPCore2ParserExample.java: Examples for parsing simple ELP programs and for using Clingo to solve them. Tested with clingo 5.2.2
- examples.ASPExample.java: Example code for creating ASP programs and calling the clingo solver. parse the same examples using the parser. Tested with clingo 5.2.2
- examples.AggregateExample.java: Some more examples on how aggregates work. Note that you can also parse aggregates using the ASP2CoreParser, which is easier than manually creating them for bigger examples. Tested with clingo 5.2.2
- examples.OptimizeExample.java: An example for using optimization statements, taken from the clingo guide, chapter 3.1.13 https://github.com/potassco/guide.
- resources.Krue2008_Ex1_Part1.dl
- resources.Krue2008_Ex1_Part2.dl
- resources.Krue2008_Ex1_Part3.dl
- resources.Krue2008_Ex1_Res.dl
- resources.Krue2008_Ex2_Part1.dl
- resources.Krue2008_Ex2_Part2.dl
- resources.aggregates.asp
- resources.ex1.asp
- resources.ex2.asp
- resources.ex3.asp
- resources.ex4.asp
- resources.ex5.asp
- resources.ex6.asp
ASP Belief Dynamics (org.tweetyproject.lp.asp.beliefdynamics)
Example code:no example code available
Resources:no resources available
Nested Logic Programs (org.tweetyproject.lp.nlp)
Example code:no example code available
Resources:no resources available
Argumentation Libraries
ABA Library (org.tweetyproject.arg.aba)
Example code:- examples.AbaExample.java: Shows some simple code for working with ABA, including how to parse an ABA file and how to ask queries.
- resources.example1.aba
- resources.example11.aba
- resources.example2.aba
- resources.example3.aba
- resources.example4.aba
- resources.example5.aba
- resources.smp_fol.aba
ADF Library (org.tweetyproject.arg.adf)
Example code:- examples.ADFExample.java: Example code illustrating Abstract Dialectical Frameworks (ADFs) with different semantics.
- resources.adf_example.txt
- resources.lingeling.dll
- resources.lingeling.so
- resources.minisat.dll
- resources.minisat.so
- resources.picosat.dll
- resources.picosat.so
ASPIC Library (org.tweetyproject.arg.aspic)
Example code:- examples.AspicExample.java: ASPIC example code that shows how to construct an ASPIC theory programmatically.
- examples.AspicExample2.java: ASPIC example code that shows how to parse an ASPIC file and ask queries.
- examples.AspicExampleFol.java: Example code for using ASPIC with first-order-logic formulas.
- examples.AspicGeneratorExample.java: Exemplary code illustrating the use of the ASPIC theory generator. Furthermore this code show a small performance comparison between the naive ASPIC reasoner, the module based reasoner, and the random reasoner.
- examples.AspicGeneratorExample2.java: This code shows the use of the ASPIC theory generator. It generates some random ASPIC theories, constructs the corresponding AF graphs, and writes them to a specific folder.
- examples.AspicGeneratorExample3.java: This code shows the use of the ASPIC theory generator. It generates some random ASPIC theories with some parameter combinations and writes them to disk.
- examples.DirectionalReasonerTest.java: Test runtime of module-based vs. directional reasoners. Also checks if they give the same answers
- resources.ex1.aspic
- resources.ex2.aspic
- resources.ex3.aspic
- resources.ex4.aspic
- resources.ex5_fol.aspic
Bipolar Argumentation Library (org.tweetyproject.arg.bipolar)
Example code:- examples.DeductiveArgumentation.java: Examples for constructing deductive argumentation frameworks and computing their extensions.
- examples.EvidentialAcceptability.java: Examples for evidential argumentation frameworks.
- examples.EvidentialArgumentation.java: More examples for evidential argumentation frameworks.
- examples.EvidentialArgumentation2.java: More examples for evidential argumentation frameworks.
- examples.NecessityArgumentation.java: Examples for necessity argumentation frameworks.
- examples.admissibleExample.java
no resources available
Deductive Argumentation Library (org.tweetyproject.arg.deductive)
Example code:- examples.DeductiveExample.java: Shows how to construct and query a deductive knowledge base.
- examples.SimplePlLogicExample.java: Example code for simple logic argumentation.
no resources available
Defeasible Logic Programming Library (org.tweetyproject.arg.delp)
Example code:- examples.DeLPExample.java: Shows how to parse and query a DeLP program.
- resources.birds.txt
- resources.birds.txt
- resources.birds2.txt
- resources.counterarg.txt
- resources.counterarg.txt
- resources.dtree.txt
- resources.dtree.txt
- resources.hobbes.txt
- resources.hobbes.txt
- resources.nixon.txt
- resources.nixon.txt
- resources.stocks.txt
- resources.stocks.txt
Dung Argumentation Library (org.tweetyproject.arg.dung)
Example code:- examples.AcceptabilityReasonerExample.java: This example shows how the different acceptability reasoners work.
- examples.CF2Example.java: Example code for CF2 semantics. Shows how to construct an abstract argumentation framework programmatically and how to reason with it using CF2 semantics.
- examples.DivisionExample.java: Example code for working with divisions.
- examples.DungTheoryGeneratorExample.java: Example code for generating dung theories and exporting them to apx format.
- examples.ExampleFinderExample.java: example to show the use of the ExampleFinder class
- examples.ExtendedExampleFinderExample.java: example to show the use of the ExtendedExampleFinder class
- examples.IndependenceExample.java: Example usage of the Independence class example theory taken from: Rienstra, Tjitze, et al. "Independence and D-separation in Abstract Argumentation." Proceedings of the International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning. Vol. 17. No. 1. 2020.
- examples.LearningExample.java: Argument Learning example.
- examples.NiskanenExample.java
- examples.OrderingExample.java: Example on how to use the OrderingSemanticsReasoner.
- examples.QualifiedExample.java: Example on how to use the qualified and semi-qualified semantics reasoners.
- examples.StratifiedLabelingExample.java: Example code for using stratified labelings by Thimm/Kern-Isberner.
- examples.StrongEquivalenceExample.java: Example usage of the StrongEquivalenceChecker class
- resources.ex1.apx
- resources.ex1.tgf
- resources.ex2.apx
- resources.ex2.tgf
- resources.ex3.apx
- resources.ex3.tgf
Logic Programming Argumentation Library (org.tweetyproject.arg.lp)
Example code:no example code available
Resources:no resources available
Probabilistic Argumentation Library (org.tweetyproject.arg.prob)
Example code:- examples.LotteryExample.java: Example code for working with lotteries in probabilistic abstract argumentation.
- examples.PAInconsistencyMeasureExample.java: Example code for the PAInconsistencyMeasure.
- examples.SubgraphProbExample.java: Example code for showing how to work with subgraph probability distributions and updates.
no resources available
Ranking Semantics for Argumentation Library (org.tweetyproject.arg.rankings)
Example code:- examples.IteratedGradedDefenseReasonerExample.java: Example code for using the iterated graded semantics by Grossi/Modgil.
- examples.ProbabilisticRankingReasonerExample.java: Example code for using graded semantics reasoner based on the ideas from [Thimm, Cerutti, Rienstra; 2018].
- examples.RaPostulateExample.java: Example code for postulates for ranking semantics.
- examples.RankingSemanticsExample.java: Example code for ranking semantics.
- examples.RankingSemanticsExample2.java: Example code for even more ranking semantics.
Structured Argumentation Frameworks Library (org.tweetyproject.arg.saf)
Example code:no example code available
Resources:no resources available
Social Abstract Argumentation Library (org.tweetyproject.arg.social)
Example code:- examples.SafExample.java: Example code for using social abstract argumentation.
no resources available
Agent Libraries
Agents Library (org.tweetyproject.agents)
Example code:no example code available
Resources:no resources available
Dialogue Systems Library (org.tweetyproject.agents.dialogues)
Example code:- examples.GroundedTest.java: Shows how a simulation of a multi-agent system can be set up. It defines a dialogue game between different agents with varying complexity of their opponent models.
- examples.GroundedTest2.java: Shows how a simulation of a multi-agent system can be set up. It defines a dialogue game between different agents with varying complexity of their opponent models.
- examples.LotteryDialogueTest.java: Shows how a simulation of a multi-agent system can be set up. It defines a dialogue game between different agents, in particular one based on an action selection strategy using lotteries.
- examples.LotteryDialogueTest2.java: Main class for empirical evaluation in [Hunter, Thimm. 2015, to appear]. Shows how a simulation of a multi-agent system can be set up. It defines a dialogue game between different agents, in particular one based on an action selection strategy using lotteries.
no resources available
Other Libraries
Action and Change (org.tweetyproject.action)
Example code:no example code available
Resources:- resources.conditioner.desc
- resources.monkey.desc
- resources.monkey.query
- resources.monkey.sig
- resources.turkey.desc
- resources.water.query
Belief Dynamics Library (org.tweetyproject.beliefdynamics)
Example code:- examples.AbstractArgumentationExample.java: Example code for applying belief dynamics on abstract argumentation frameworks.
- examples.CrMasExample.java: Example code on using belief operators in multi-agent settings.
no resources available
Machine Learning Library (org.tweetyproject.machinelearning)
Example code:- examples.SvmExample.java: Illustrates the use of support vector machine learning.
no resources available
Preferences Library (org.tweetyproject.preferences)
Example code:no example code available
Resources:Web Services (org.tweetyproject.web)
Example code:no example code available
Resources:no resources available
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Last updated 28.01.2021, Anna Gessler | Terms